The role of androgens in female vertebrates

The role of androgens in vertebrate females has been overlooked until recently. We examine the functional significance of androgens in females by reviewing studies that document relatively high levels of circulating plasma androgens, androgen receptors, or androgen-metabolizing enzymes in females. Among the mechanisms of androgenic action identified are enhanced neuron survival, stimulation of muscle satellite cell proliferation, alteration of ion current kinetics, and release of somatostatin. These mechanisms are not sex specific and thus we hypothesize that androgens play a significant role in normal female development. We encourage study in this nontraditional research area.