Perceived Control and Coping with Stress: A Developmental Perspective

This article discusses developmental changes in perceptions of control, the relationship between perceived control and strategies used by children to cope with stress, and the interaction between perceived control and coping in their association with psychological adjustment and disorder. Developmental research on children's perceptions of control has identified both changes and consistencies in contingency, competence, and control beliefs during childhood and early adolescence. Developmental changes in coping have also been documented, with problem‐focused skills emerging during childhood, and more rapid development of emotion‐focused coping skills during later childhood and early adolescence. Studies have shown that perceptions of control are related to the ways that children and adolescents cope with stress. The implications of this research for interventions aimed at enhancing children's problem‐solving and coping skills are discussed. 1991 The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues